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A duniya ta zamani da fasaha ke ci gaba da bunƙasa, tsarin ba da bashi ta hanyar manhajoji ko "loan apps" ya zama wani sabon salo da ke samun karɓuwa a sassa daban-daban na duniya. A Jamhuriyar Nijar ma, kodayake kasuwar ba da bashi ta dijital tana kan matakin farko, an fara samun ci gaba sosai, musamman ta hanyar kamfanonin sadarwa na waya da kuma wasu kamfanonin fasahar kuɗi (fintechs) waɗanda ke bayar da ƙananan bashin gaggawa ta hanyar wayoyin salula masu wayo.

Wannan makala za ta yi zurfin bincike kan wannan kasuwa mai tasowa a Nijar. Za mu duba yanayin kasuwar a halin yanzu, manyan kamfanoni da manhajojin da ke ba da bashi, kudaden ruwa, adadin bashi, da kuma sharuddan biya. Haka kuma, za mu yi bayani kan tsarin kulawa da dokoki da ke tafiyar da wannan fanni, da kuma yadda ake kare hakkin masu cin bashi. Bugu da ƙari, za mu tattauna kan yadda ake amfani da fasaha da kuma haɗin gwiwa da tsarin kuɗin waya (mobile money), tare da hasashen gaba da kuma ba da shawarwari masu amfani ga mazauna Nijar da ke son amfana da waɗannan sabis na bashi na dijital.

Bayani Kan Kasuwar Bashi ta Dijital a Nijar

Yanayin Kasuwa na Yanzu

Kasuwar ba da bashi ta dijital a Nijar tana kan matakin farko idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙasashen yankin. A cikin shekarar 2025, an kiyasta cewa masu amfani da wayoyin salula masu wayo (smartphones) sun kai kusan kashi 25% na al'ummar ƙasar, yayin da masu amfani da sabis na kuɗin waya (mobile money) suka kai kusan kashi 40% na manyan mutane. Jimillar ƙananan bashin dijital da ke yawo a kasuwa na iya kaiwa kusan Naira biliyan 15 (XOF biliyan 15), wanda bai kai kashi 5% na jimillar bashin da ake bayarwa ta hanyoyin gargajiya ba.

Abubuwan da ke Taimakawa Ci Gaba

Wasu abubuwa na taimakawa wajen ci gaban wannan kasuwa:

  • Tsarin Biya na Yanki na BCEAO: Wannan tsari yana ba da damar kuɗin waya su yi aiki tare a cikin ƙasashen UEMOA (Tarayyar Tattalin Arziki da Kuɗi ta Yammacin Afirka).
  • Ƙoƙarin ARSCAN na Gida: Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Banki da Kuɗi na Nijar (ARSCAN) ta fara ba da lasisi ga kamfanonin fasahar kuɗi a matsayin cibiyoyin biya. A cikin 2025, ARSCAN ta amince da i-FUTUR a matsayin cibiyar biya, wanda hakan ya ba ta damar tattara ƙananan bashin kuɗin waya a ƙarƙashin manhajar iPayMoney.
  • Haɗin Gwiwa tsakanin Hukumomi: Akwai haɗin gwiwa tsakanin manyan cibiyoyin ba da bashi na duniya (misali, UNCDF's MM4P) da bankunan ƙasa don gwajin ba da bashin dijital a yankunan karkara.

Duk da wannan ci gaba, akwai ƙalubale kamar ƙarancin masu wayoyin salula masu wayo, ƙarancin hukumomin tattara bayanan bashi (credit bureaus), da kuma rashin bayyananniyar gaskiya wajen bayyana farashin bashi.

Kamfanonin Ba da Bashi ta Dijital da Manhajojinsu

A Nijar, masu ba da bashi ta dijital sun haɗa da kamfanonin sadarwa na waya da kuma wasu kamfanonin fasahar kuɗi da bankuna. Ga wasu daga cikin manyan manhajojin bashi da ke aiki a Nijar:

Jerin Manyan Manhajojin Bashi

  • Orange Money Loans (Orange Nijar)
  • MM Advance (MTN Nijar)
  • iPayMoney (i-FUTUR)
  • BSIC e-Credit (BSIC Nijar)
  • Tala (a matakin gwaji)
  • Branch (a matakin gwaji)
  • On-demand Credit (Orange Money)
  • SG Mobile Loans (Société Générale Nijar)
  • Baobab Loan App (Microcred / Baobab)

Cikakken Bayani Kan Masu Ba da Bashi

  • Orange Money Loans (Orange Nijar): Wannan sabis yana ba da bashi tsakanin XOF 5,000 zuwa XOF 50,000. Kudin ruwa na shekara (APR) na iya kaiwa kusan kashi 25% (bayanai marasa tabbataccen tushe, Satumba 2025). Babu kuɗin neman bashi, amma ana biyan kuɗin bayarwa XOF 500 ga kowane bashi. Ana buƙatar rajistar SIM da katin shaida na ƙasa, tare da rajistar kuɗin waya. Ana amfani da bayanan amfani da waya don tantance cancanta.
  • MM Advance (MTN Nijar): Yana ba da bashi tsakanin XOF 10,000 zuwa XOF 30,000, tare da APR tsakanin kashi 20-28% (bayanai marasa tabbataccen tushe, Satumba 2025). Ana biyan kuɗin sarrafawa na kashi 2%. Ana amfani da bayanan amfani da SMS da kuma kuɗin waya don tantance cancanta.
  • iPayMoney (i-FUTUR): Wannan manhaja tana bayar da bashi tsakanin XOF 5,000 zuwa XOF 100,000, tare da APR wanda bai wuce kashi 30% ba kamar yadda BCEAO ta gindaya. Lokacin biya yana tsakanin kwana 7 zuwa 30. Babu kuɗin bayarwa, amma ana amfani da ribar kashi 0.82% a kullum. Ana buƙatar rajistar manhaja, OTP, da kuma hoton katin shaida. Suna amfani da bayanan kuɗin waya da na kamfanonin sadarwa don tantancewa.
  • BSIC e-Credit (BSIC Nijar): Manhajar tana bayar da bashi tsakanin XOF 10,000 zuwa XOF 200,000, tare da APR tsakanin kashi 18-25% (bayanai marasa tabbataccen tushe). Ana biyan kuɗin neman bashi XOF 1,000 da kuma kuɗin sarrafawa na kashi 3%. Suna amfani da bayanan banki da na SMS don tantancewa.
  • Tala (a matakin gwaji): Wannan manhaja, wacce ta fito daga Kenya, tana bayar da bashi har zuwa XOF 50,000. Kudin ruwa na shekara zai iya kaiwa tsakanin kashi 30-196% kamar yadda yake a Kenya. Suna amfani da tsarin koyo na inji (machine learning) kan bayanan wayar salula.
  • Branch (a matakin gwaji): Wannan manhaja, ita ma ta fito daga Kenya/Amurka, tana bayar da bashi tsakanin XOF 2,000 zuwa XOF 100,000. Kudin ruwa na shekara zai iya kaiwa tsakanin kashi 20-211% kamar yadda yake a Kenya. Suna amfani da bayanan wayar salula da kuma bayanan abokai.
  • On-demand Credit (Orange Money): Wannan bashi ne mai dogara ga aminci, tsakanin XOF 3,000 zuwa XOF 20,000, tare da APR kusan kashi 25% (bayanai marasa tabbataccen tushe). Ana biyan kuɗin bayarwa XOF 300. Ana tantancewa ta hanyar shekarun amfani da asusun kuɗin waya da yawan hada-hadar kuɗi.
  • SG Mobile Loans (Société Générale Nijar): Wannan banki yana ba da bashi ta manhajarsa tsakanin XOF 50,000 zuwa XOF 500,000, tare da APR tsakanin kashi 15-22%. Ana biyan kuɗin sarrafawa na kashi 1% da kuma kuɗin gudanarwa na kashi 0.5% a kowane wata. Ana buƙatar cika ka'idojin banki na KYC (sanin abokin ciniki).
  • Baobab Loan App (Microcred / Baobab): Manhajar tana ba da bashi tsakanin XOF 10,000 zuwa XOF 200,000, tare da APR tsakanin kashi 18-30% (bayanai marasa tabbataccen tushe). Ana biyan kuɗin sarrafawa na kashi 2%. Suna amfani da bayanan cibiyoyin su na reshe da kuma bayanan dijital.

Kudaden Ruwa, Adadin Bashi, da Sharuddan Biya

Kudaden ruwa da sharuddan biya sun bambanta sosai tsakanin masu ba da bashi daban-daban a Nijar. Yana da matukar muhimmanci ga masu neman bashi su fahimci waɗannan bambance-bambance kafin su karɓi bashi.

Kwadon Kwatance na Manyan Masu Ba da Bashi (a takaitance)

  • Orange Money Loans: APR kusan kashi 25%, mafi girman bashi XOF 50,000. Ana biya ta asusun kuɗin waya.
  • MM Advance: APR tsakanin kashi 20-28%, mafi girman bashi XOF 30,000. Ana biya ta asusun kuɗin waya.
  • iPayMoney: APR kashi 30% (iyakar da BCEAO ta gindaya), mafi girman bashi XOF 100,000. Ana biya ta asusun banki ko kuɗin waya.
  • BSIC e-Credit: APR tsakanin kashi 18-25%, mafi girman bashi XOF 200,000. Ana biya ta asusun banki.
  • Tala (gwaji): APR tsakanin kashi 30-196%, mafi girman bashi XOF 50,000. Ana biya ta asusun kuɗin waya mai kama da MPESA.
  • Branch (gwaji): APR tsakanin kashi 20-211%, mafi girman bashi XOF 100,000. Ana biya ta asusun Branch ko kuɗin waya.
  • On-demand Credit: APR kusan kashi 25%, mafi girman bashi XOF 20,000. Ana biya ta USSD.
  • SG Mobile Loans: APR tsakanin kashi 15-22%, mafi girman bashi XOF 500,000. Ana biya ta asusun banki.
  • Baobab Loan App: APR tsakanin kashi 18-30%, mafi girman bashi XOF 200,000. Ana biya ta USSD, banki ko kuɗin waya.

Yana da kyau a lura cewa Hukumar BCEAO ta gindaya cewa jimillar kuɗin bashi (ciki har da kuɗin ruwa da sauran kuɗaɗe) bai kamata ya wuce kashi 30% na jimillar kuɗin bashi na shekara ba (APR) ga ƙananan bashi da bai wuce XOF 100,000 ba. Duk da haka, wasu manhajojin gwaji kamar Tala da Branch suna nuna kuɗin ruwa na shekara wanda zai iya zama mai tsayi sosai, wanda ke nuna buƙatar taka tsantsan da kuma fahimtar ka'idojin su.

Tsarin Kulawa da Dokoki da Kare Hakkin Masu Cin Bashi

Don tabbatar da cewa masu ba da bashi na dijital suna aiki cikin adalci da kuma kare masu cin bashi, akwai tsarin kulawa da dokoki da ke aiki a Nijar.

Hukumar BCEAO da ARSCAN

  • Dokokin BCEAO (2018): Waɗannan dokokin sun rarraba masu ba da bashi na dijital waɗanda ba bankuna ba a matsayin cibiyoyin biya. Wajibi ne su raba kuɗin abokan ciniki daga nasu, kuma su bayyana dukkan kuɗaɗen da za su karɓa a fili.
  • Lasisi daga ARSCAN (2025): Zuwa yanzu, ARSCAN ta ba da lasisin cibiyoyin biya guda uku don bayar da bashi na dijital. Waɗannan sun haɗa da: i-FUTUR, Banque Sahélo-Saharienne pour l'Investissement et le Commerce (BSIC) ta hanyar e-wallet ɗinta, da kuma reshen kuɗin waya na Orange Nijar.

Kariya ga Masu Cin Bashi

A ƙarƙashin dokokin UEMOA, an gindaya iyakar jimillar kuɗin bashi (APR) a kashi 30% ga ƙananan bashi da bai wuce XOF 100,000 ba. Wannan doka tana da nufin kare masu cin bashi daga tsananin kuɗaɗen ruwa da sauran cajin da ba su dace ba. Duk da haka, har yanzu akwai gibi a cikin kare hakkin masu cin bashi, musamman game da bayyananniyar farashi da kuma hanyoyin warware matsaloli idan sun taso.

Amfani da Fasaha da Haɗin Kuɗin Waya (Mobile Money)

Fasahar zamani da kuma tsarin kuɗin waya suna da muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban ba da bashi ta dijital a Nijar. Kamfanonin sadarwa na waya kamar Orange da MTN sun yi amfani da manyan cibiyoyin su na kuɗin waya don bayar da ƙananan bashi ga abokan cinikin su. Ko da yake yawan masu amfani da wayoyin salula masu wayo yana ƙaruwa, har yanzu akwai wani kaso mai yawa na mutane da ke amfani da wayoyin gargajiya (feature phones). Saboda haka, ana amfani da tsarin USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Service Data) sosai don ba da bashi, wanda ke ba da damar samun sabis ba tare da wayar salula mai wayo ko intanet ba.

Haɗin gwiwa tsakanin kamfanonin sadarwa, bankuna, da kamfanonin fasahar kuɗi yana haifar da sabbin hanyoyin samun bashi cikin sauƙi da sauri. Ana amfani da bayanan mu'amalar kuɗin waya, amfani da waya, da kuma sauran bayanan dijital don tantance cancantar bashi, wanda ke rage dogaro ga tsarin tattara bayanan bashi na gargajiya waɗanda ba su da cikakken yalwa a Nijar.

Hanyoyin Kasuwa da Hasashen Gaba

Kasuwar bashi ta dijital a Nijar tana da damar ci gaba mai girma. Yayin da yawan masu wayoyin salula masu wayo da kuma masu amfani da kuɗin waya ke ƙaruwa, haka ma damar ba da bashi ta dijital za ta faɗaɗa. Muna sa ran ganin:

  • Ƙaruwar Gasar: Za a samu ƙarin kamfanonin fasahar kuɗi na gida da na waje da za su shigo kasuwar.
  • Inganta Fasaha: Za a ci gaba da inganta manhajoji da tsarin ba da bashi, tare da amfani da fasahohi kamar koyo na inji (machine learning) don inganta tantancewa da kuma rage haɗari.
  • Ƙarfafa Dokoki: Hukumar ARSCAN da BCEAO za su ci gaba da ƙarfafa dokoki da tsarin kulawa don kare masu cin bashi da kuma tabbatar da adalci a kasuwar.
  • Haɗin Gwiwa: Bankuna za su ci gaba da haɗa kai da kamfanonin fasahar kuɗi don faɗaɗa isar da sabis na bashi na dijital, musamman a yankunan karkara.

Kodayake akwai ƙalubale kamar ƙarancin bayanan bashi da kuma buƙatar wayar da kan jama'a, ana sa ran kasuwar ba da bashi ta dijital za ta ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɗa mutane cikin tsarin kuɗi da kuma tallafa wa ƙananan kasuwanni a Nijar.

Shawara mai Amfani ga Masu Cin Bashi

Yayin da ba da bashi ta dijital ke samar da dama mai yawa, yana da mahimmanci ga masu cin bashi su yi taka tsantsan da kuma fahimtar haɗarin da ke tattare da shi.

Hadarin da Masu Cin Bashi ke Fuskanta

  • Rashin Bayyananniyar Kudade: Wasu manhajoji ba sa bayyana dukkan kuɗaɗen da za su karɓa a fili, musamman waɗanda ke amfani da tsarin USSD.
  • Tsadar Bashi: Kuɗin ruwa na shekara (APR) na iya zama mai tsayi sosai, wani lokacin ma ya wuce kashi 60% ga bashi na gajeren lokaci.
  • Sirrin Bayanai: Wasu manhajoji suna karanta bayanan SMS na waya ko kuma jerin lambobin wayar abokai ba tare da cikakken izini ba, wanda ke haifar da barazana ga sirrin bayanai.
  • Yawan Bashi: Sauƙin samun ƙananan bashi daga manhajoji daban-daban na iya haifar da tara bashi fiye da yadda mutum zai iya biya.
  • Ƙarancin Kariya: Tsarin kare hakkin masu cin bashi bai cika ƙarfi ba a wasu fannoni, wanda ke sa masu cin bashi su fuskanci wahala idan aka samu matsala.

Yadda za a Kare Kai

Don amfana da ba da bashi ta dijital ba tare da fuskantar haɗari ba, ga wasu shawarwari masu amfani:

  • Kwatanta Jimillar Kuɗi: Kafin ka karɓi bashi, tabbatar ka kwatanta jimillar kuɗaɗen da za ka biya (ciki har da kuɗin ruwa da sauran cajin) daga manhajoji daban-daban.
  • Zaɓi Masu Ba da Bashi da Aka Yi wa Rajista: Nemi masu ba da bashi waɗanda bankuna ne ko kuma ARSCAN ta ba su lasisin aiki. Waɗannan sun fi bin doka da kuma kare hakkin abokan ciniki.
  • Biya Da Wuri: Idan za ka iya, yi ƙoƙarin biyan bashin ka da wuri don rage kuɗin ruwa na yau da kullum.
  • Iyakance Yawan Bashi: Ka guji karɓar bashi da yawa a lokaci guda daga manhajoji daban-daban don gujewa tara bashi fiye da ƙarfin ka.
  • Bincika Tsarin Sirrin Bayanai: A bincika tsarin sirrin bayanai na manhajar kafin amfani da ita, kuma ka hana ta damar shiga bayanan da ba lallai ba ne.
  • Fahimtar Ka'idoji: Karanta kuma ka fahimci dukkan ka'idoji da sharuddan bashi kafin ka sanya hannu ko ka amince da shi.

Ta bin waɗannan shawarwari, mazauna Nijar za su iya amfana daga sabis na ba da bashi ta dijital cikin aminci da kuma wayewa.

1

Société Générale Niger

4.72
Daga 3.5% APR XOF 1K-50K 24h Amincewa
2

Tala

4.27
Daga 3.5% APR XOF 1K-50K 24h Amincewa
3

Branch

4.16
Daga 3.5% APR XOF 1K-50K 24h Amincewa
4

MTN Niger

4.15
Daga 3.5% APR XOF 1K-50K 24h Amincewa
5

I-FUTUR

4.03
Daga 3.5% APR XOF 1K-50K 24h Amincewa
6

Orange Niger

3.91
Daga 3.5% APR XOF 1K-50K 24h Amincewa
7

BSIC Niger

3.55
Daga 3.5% APR XOF 1K-50K 24h Amincewa
8

Baobab

3.36
Daga 3.5% APR XOF 1K-50K 24h Amincewa
Kwararre Tabbatacce
James Mitchell

James Mitchell

Kwararre a Harkokin Kudi na Duniya da Manazarcin Bashi

Gogewar fiye da shekaru 8 a fannin nazarin kasuwannin bashi da tsarin banki a kasashe 193. Yana taimaka wa kwastomomi su yanke shawara ta kudi cikin basira ta hanyar bincike mai zaman kansa da shawarwarin kwararru.

An tantance kwanaki 3 da suka wuce
Kasashe 193
Sharhi sama da 12,000